Nerve agents are the most toxic of the known chemical agents. They are hazards in their liquid and vapor states, and can cause death within minutes after exposure. Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase in tissue, and their effects are caused by the resulting excess acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a chemical that acts as a neurotransmitter by sending nerve signals. An excess of this chemical causes an over-stimulation of organs.

• Type and ID Information:
• Tabun (GA)
• Sarin (GB)
• Soman (GD)
• VX
• All nerve agents use UN2810 and ERG# 153
• Dissemination—Liquid or gas
• Availability—Not commercially available; however, some countries may have military stockpiles
• Volatility-Nonpersistent (tabun, sarin, soman) Persistent (VX)
• Vapor density—Is heavier than air
• Odor:
• Slightly fruity (tabun)
• Faintly sweet (sarin)
• Camphor (soman)
• Odorless (VX)
• Routes of entry—Inhalation or absorption
• Signs and Symptoms – Pinpointed pupils, respiratory arrest, sweating, weakness, disorientation, diarrhea, slurred speech, nausea/vomiting/drooling, trembling, paralysis, depression, abdominal pain, respiratory failure/ depression, vomiting, headache, reduced vision, convulsions, general increase in secretions, tremors. Onset of symptoms occurs immediately.